Timeline: William Griggs: Steven's Genealogy

Steven's Genealogy
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Abt 1784 -

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Timeline

William Griggs (1784 - )

	Date	Event(s)
1	1755	1755—1827: Canal construction began Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827)
2	1784	1784: Pitt's India Act Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics 1784: Wesley Wesley breaks with the Church of England 1784: St Andrews First golf club founded at St Andrews 1784: Threshing Machine Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle 2 Aug 1784: 1st Mail Coaches First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
3	1785	1785: Sunday School Society founded Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million) 1 Jan 1785: The Times John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years)
4	1787	1787: Marylebone Cricket Club MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London
5	1788	1788: 1st Steamboat First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland 1788: Chimney Sweepers Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not enforced) 1788: First slave carrying act First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates more humane conditions on slave ships 1788: Regency Crisis King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the Prince of Wales 1788: Gibbon completes 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' Gibbon completes 'Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire' 26 Jan 1788: First convicts arrive in New South Wales First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13 May 1787) ? the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip
6	1789	28 Apr 1789: Mutiny on HMS Bounty Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island
7	1790	1790: Forth and Clyde Canal opened Forth and Clyde Canal opened in Scotland
8	1791	1791: John Bell, printer, abandons the long 's' John Bell, printer, abandons the long 's' (the 's' that looks like an 'f') 1791: Establishment of the Ordnance Survey Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain 4 Dec 1791: First publication of The Observer First publication of The Observer - world's oldest Sunday newspaper
9	1792	1792: Repression in Britain Repression in Britain (restrictions on freedom of the press) - Fox gets Libel Act through Parliament, requiring a jury and not a judge to determine libel 1792: Boyle's Street Directory Boyle's Street Directory published 1792: Coal-gas lighting invented Coal-gas lighting invented by William Murdock, an Ayrshire Scot 1 Oct 1792: Introduction of Money Orders Introduction of Money Orders in Britain 1 Dec 1792: King's Proclamation King's Proclamation drawing out the British militia
10	1793	11 Feb 1793: Britain-French war Britain declares war on France (1793-1802) 15 Apr 1793: £5 notes issued £5 notes first issued by the Bank of England
11	1794	1794: Abolition of Parish Register duties Abolition of Parish Register duties 6 Oct 1794: Lord Justice Eyre The prosecutor for Britain, Lord Justice Eyre, charges reformers with High Treason - he argued that, since reform of parliament would lead to revolution and revolution to executing the King, the desire for reform endangered the King's life and was therefore treasonous
12	1795	1795: The Famine Year The Famine Year 1795: Foundation of the Orange Order Foundation of the Orange Order 1795: Speenhamland Act Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to subsistence level - towards the end of the eighteenth century, the number of poor and unemployed increased dramatically - price increases during the Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815) far outstripped wage rises - many small farmers were bankrupted by the move towards enclosures and became landless labourers - their wages were often pitifully low 1795: The Gagging Acts Pitt and Grenville introduce 'The Gagging Acts' or 'Two Bills' (the Seditious Meetings and Treasonable Practices Bills) - outlawed the mass meeting and the political lecture. 1795: Consumption of lime juice Consumption of lime juice made compulsory in Royal Navy
13	1796	1796: Pitt's Reign of Terror Pitt's 'Reign of Terror': More treason trials - leading radicals emigrate 1796: Legacy Tax Legacy Tax on sums over £20 excluding those to wives, children, parents and grandparents 14 May 1796: Smallpox Dr Edward Jenner gave first vaccination for smallpox in England
14	1797	1797: Bank of England suspends cash payments England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments 1797: Mutinies in the Roayl Navy Mutinies in the Roayl Navy at Spithead and Nore 1797: Tax on newspapers increased Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publications 1797: First copper pennies The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to the coining press 22 Feb 1797: French invade Fishguard French invade Fishguard, Wales; last time UK invaded; all the French were captured 2 days later 26 Feb 1797: First £1 notes First £1 (and £2) notes issued by Bank of England
15	1798	1798: Vaccination First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner Feb 1798: The Irish Rebellion The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct) 1 Aug 1798: Battle of the Nile Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
16	1799	1799: Royal Military College Sandhurst Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York 1799: Foundation of the Royal Institution The Royal Institution was founded in 1799 by the leading British scientists of the age, including Henry Cavendish and its first president, George Finch, the 9th Earl of Winchilsea, for "diffusing the knowledge, and facilitating the general introduction, of useful mechanical inventions and improvements; and for teaching, by courses of philosophical lectures and experiments, the application of science to the common purposes of life." 9 Jan 1799: Income tax Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure 12 Jul 1799: Combination Laws 'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations 15 Jul 1799: Rosetta Stone 'Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics
17	1800	1800: First electric light produced by Sir Humphrey Davy 1800: Richard Trevithick Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) 1800: Royal College of Surgeons Royal College of Surgeons founded 1800: Infra-red light discovered Herschel discovers infra-red light 1800: first electrical battery Volta makes first electrical battery 2 Jul 1800: union of Great Britain and Ireland Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland
18	1801	1801: Grand Union Canal Grand Union Canal opens in England 1801: Elgin Marbles Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London 1 Jan 1801: Union Jack Union Jack becomes the official British flag 10 Mar 1801: First census First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000. Population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural) 24 Dec 1801: First self-propelled passenger carrying road loco Richard Trevithick built the first self-propelled passenger carrying road loco
19	1802	25 Mar 1802: Treaty of Amiens Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands. The 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondence across the English Channel became possible again
20	1803	1803: Poaching Poaching made a Capital offense in England if capture resisted 1803: Richard Trevithick Richard Trevithick built another steam carriage and ran it in London as the first self-propelled vehicle in the capital and the first London bus 1803: Semaphore signaling Semaphore signaling perfected by Admiral Popham 30 Apr 1803: Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon sells French possessions in America to United States 12 May 1803: Napoleonic Wars Peace of Amiens ends - resumption of war with France - The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5) 23 Jul 1803: First public railway opens First public railway opens (Surrey Iron Railway, 9 miles from Wandsworth to Croydon, horse-drawn)
21	1804	1804: Australia Matthew Flinders recommends that the newly discovered country, New Holland, be renamed 'Australia' 21 Feb 1804: Penydarren Railway Richard Trevithick runs his railway engine on the Penydarren Railway (9.5 miles from Pen-y-Darren to Abercynon in South Wales) this hauled a train with 10 tons of iron and 70 passengers. It was commemorated by the Royal Mint in 2004 in the form of a £2 coin. 3 Mar 1804: The Royal Horticultural Society John Wedgwood (eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood) founds The Royal Horticultural Society 2 Dec 1804: Napoleon Napoleon declares himself Emperor of the French 12 Dec 1804: Spain declares war Spain declares war on Britain
22	1805	1805: London docks opened The London docks were constructed in Wapping downstream from the City of London between 1799 and 1815, at a cost exceeding £5½ million 21 Oct 1805: Battle of Trafalgar Admiral Nelson's victory at Trafalgar 2 Dec 1805: Battle of Austerlitz Battle of Austerlitz; Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians
23	1806	1806: Dartmoor Prison opened Dartmoor Prison opened (built by French prisoners) 9 Jan 1806: Nelson buried Nelson buried in St Paul's cathedral, London
24	1807	25 Mar 1807: Act prohibiting slavery Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808, but does not prohibit colonial slavery
25	1808	1808: Gas lighting Gas lighting in London streets 13 Jul 1808: Hot Wednesday 'Hot Wednesday' - temperature of 101F in the shade recorded in London 20 Dec 1808: Beethoven Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna
26	1809	12 Feb 1809: Charles Darwin Birth of Charles Darwin 18 Sep 1809: Royal Opera House Royal Opera House opens in London
27	1810	1810: John McAdam John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of road metalling
28	1811	5 Feb 1811: Prince of Wales Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane
29	1812	11 May 1812: Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged 18 Jun 1812: Start of American 'War of 1812' Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada Oct 1812: Napoleon retreats Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses
30	1813	1813: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast 1813: Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice' Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'
31	1814	1 Jan 1814: Invasion of France Invasion of France by Allies 6 Apr 1814: Napoleon abdicates Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba 13 Aug 1814: Convention of London signed Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch 24 Aug 1814: The British burn the White House The British burn the White House 29 Nov 1814: The Times printed by a mechanical apparatus 'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour)
32	1815	1815: Trial by Jury established in Scotland Trial by Jury established in Scotland 1815: Davy safety lamp Davy develops the safety lamp for miners 18 Jun 1815: The Battle of Waterloo The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
33	1816	1816: Income tax abolished Income tax abolished 1816: Silver coins For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially below their face value - the first official 'token' coinage 1816: year without a summer Climate: the 'year without a summer' - followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora' in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years 1816: Large scale emigration to North America Large scale emigration to North America, Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
34	1817	1817: March of the Manchester Blanketeers March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended 1817: Constable painted 'Flatford Mill' Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'
35	1818	1818: Manchester cotton spinners' strike Manchester cotton spinners' strike 20 Oct 1818: 'Convention of 1818' 'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length
36	1819	1819: the Dandy Horse becomes popular Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular 1819: Britain returns to gold standard Britain returns to gold standard 1819: Singapore founded Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles May 1819: SS 'Savannah' SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819. Voyage used both sail & steam 16 Aug 1819: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester Peterloo Massacre at Manchester, a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester and demand Parliamentary Reform. Mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others.
37	1820	1820: Cato Street Conspiracy Cato Street Conspiracy - plot to assissinate British cabinet 1820: Spanish Inquisition Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition 29 Jan 1820: George IV Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent 1 Aug 1820: Regent's Canal opens Regent's Canal in London opens 17 Aug 1820: Queen Caroline Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her - George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her -Caroline is virtually acquitted because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
38	1821	1821: Principles of electro-magnetic rotation Faraday publishes 'Principles of electro-magnetic rotation' 1821: The Hay Wain Constable paints 'The Hay Wain' 5 May 1821: Death of Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
39	1822	14 Jun 1822: Charles Babbage Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
40	1823	1823: Peel begins penal reforms Peel begins penal reforms - death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes 1823: Rugby Football Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School 1823: MacIntosh Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh 2 Dec 1823: US President James Monroe US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
41	1824	1824: RSPCA RSPCA established 1824: Portland cement Portland cement patented 4 Mar 1824: (RNLI) founded Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the 'National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck' until 1854) 10 May 1824: National Gallery opens National Gallery in London opens to the public
42	1825	27 Sep 1825: Stockton to Darlington Railway Stockton to Darlington Railway opens - world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
43	1827	1827: Ohm's Law Ohm's Law published
44	1828	25 Oct 1828: St Katharine Docks St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
45	1829	1829: London Metropolitan Police Force London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed 'Bobbies' after Sir Robert Peel 1829: Louis Braille Louis Braille invents his system of finger-reading for the blind 10 Jun 1829: Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race 6 Oct 1829: George Stephenson's Rocket George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to complete the trial!)
46	1830	1830: Uprisings and agitation across Europe Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and Belgium Jul 1830: Fall of Charles X Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons - Louis Philippe (the Citizen King) on the throne 15 Sep 1830: Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of Wellington - first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a leading politician, is run over!
47	1831	1831: A list of parish registers compiled A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled 1 Jun 1831: North Magnetic Pole James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole 1 Aug 1831: 'New' London Bridge opens 'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
48	1832	1832: Electoral Register Electoral Registers introduced 1832: Electric telegraph invented Electric telegraph invented by Morse 7 Jun 1832: Representation of the People Act Reform Bill passed - Representation of the People Act
49	1833	Jan 1833: Falkland Islands In December 1832, two naval vessels were sent by the United Kingdom to reassert British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas), after the United Provinces of South America (part of which later became Argentina) ignored British diplomatic protests over the appointment of Luis Vernet as governor of the Falkland Islands and a dispute over fishing rights. 29 Aug 1833: Factory Act Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
50	1834	1834: Babbage Babbage invents forerunner of the computer 18 Mar 1834: Tolpuddle Martyrs 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities 1 May 1834: Slavery abolished Slavery abolished in British possessions
51	1835	1835: First railway boom First railway boom period starts in Britain construction of Great Western Railway 25 Dec 1835: Christmas Christmas becomes a national holiday
52	1836	1836: First Potato famine First Potato famine in Ireland 30 Jan 1836: Menai Straits Bridge opened Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened, considered the world's first modern suspension bridge 25 Feb 1836: Samuel Colt Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver' 6 Mar 1836: Death of Davy Crockett The Alamo falls to Mexican troops - death of Davy Crockett Jul 1836: Arc de Triomphe Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
53	1837	1837: Pitman shorthand Pitman introduces his shorthand system 1837: P&O Founded P&O Founded 20 Jun 1837: King William IV dies William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901) 1 Jul 1837: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales - Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834 13 Jul 1837: Buckingham Palace Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace 20 Jul 1837: Euston Railway station Euston Railway station opens - first in London
54	1838	28 Jun 1838: Coronation of Queen Victoria Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
55	1839	1839: First Opium War First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) - Britain captures Hong Kong 1839: Kirkpatrick MacMillan Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel,thus creating the first true 'bicycle' in the modern Sense 1839: Charles Goodyear Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
56	1840	1840: Census Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain 1840: Last convicts landed in NSW Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed elsewhere) 10 Jan 1840: Penny Postage Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
57	1841	1841: Thomas Cook Thomas Cook starts package tours 10 Feb 1841: Penny Red Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp 6 Jun 1841: First full census June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded(Population 18.5M)
58	1842	1842: Income Tax reintroduced Income Tax reintroduced in Britain 30 Mar 1842: Ether used as an anesthetic Ether used as an anesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America) 29 Aug 1842: Treaty of Nanking Treaty of Nanking - End of First Opium War - Britain gains Hong Kong
59	1843	1843: First Christmas card First Christmas card in England 27 May 1843: Great Hall of Euston station opens The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London 19 Jul 1843: SS Great Britain Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
60	1844	6 Jun 1844: YMCA founded YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
61	1845	1845: Tarmac laid for first time Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham) 17 Mar 1845: Rubber band patented The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
62	1846	10 Sep 1846: Sewing machine is patented The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
63	1847	1847: Mormons US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre Jan 1847: Anesthetic used for the first time in England An anesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
64	1848	1848: Chewing gum First commercial production of chewing gum 24 Jan 1848: California gold rush Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California - starts the California gold rush 11 Jul 1848: Waterloo station opens Waterloo railway station in London opens
65	1849	1849: Florin introduced Florin(2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation - which finally occurred in 1971!
66	1851	1851: Gold Rush Gold discovered in Australia 1 May 1851: 'Crystal Palace' exhibition Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ('Crystal Palace' exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
67	1852	1852: Tasmania Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement 1852: Wells Fargo Wells Fargo established in USA
68	1853	1853: Vaccination against smallpox Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
69	1854	1854: Cigarettes introduced into Britain Cigarettes introduced into Britain 27 Mar 1854: Crimean War Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War) 25 Oct 1854: charge of the Light Brigade Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
70	1856	1856: End of Crimean War End of Crimean War 29 Jan 1856: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warran Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
71	1857	1857: Transatlantic cable Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable
72	1858	1858: The great stink 'The great stink' - smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work 1858: Royal Opera House Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
73	1859	25 Apr 1859: Work Started on the Suez canal Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869) 4 May 1859: Royal Albert Bridge opened Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon and Cornwall 24 Nov 1859: The Origin of Species published Charles Darwin publishes 'The Origin of Species'
74	1860	29 Aug 1860: First tram service in Europe starts First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
75	1861	25 May 1861: American Civil War begins American Civil War begins
76	1862	20 Apr 1862: First pasteurisation test First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
77	1863	1863: Football Association founded Football Association founded (UK) 1863: Broadmoor opens Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England 10 Jan 1863: London Underground First section of the London Underground Railway opens - In 1855 an Act of Parliament was passed approving the construction of an underground railway between Paddington Station and Farringdon Street via King's Cross which was to be called the Metropolitan Railway.
78	1864	1864: First recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship A man-powered submarine, 'Hunley' sank a Federal steam ship USS Housatonic at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 - the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship 11 Mar 1864: Great Sheffield Flood The Great Sheffield Flood - over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time 20 Aug 1864: Red Cross established Red Cross established - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention 8 Dec 1864: Clifton Suspension Bridge Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened
79	1865	1865: First woman doctor in England Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908] 1865: Last convicts landed in NSW First concrete roads built in Britain 14 Apr 1865: End of American Civil War End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA 14 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln assassinated Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth 5 Jul 1865: Salvation Army founded William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
80	1867	1 Jul 1867: Canadian Confederation The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
81	1868	1868: Last convicts landed in Australia Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)
82	1869	1869: Washing machines Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented 23 Nov 1869: Cutty Sark Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
83	1870	1870: General Post Office GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised) 1870: Dr Thomas Barnardo Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children 1870: Water closets Water closets come into wide use 1870: Diamonds Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa 1 Oct 1870: First British postcard First British postcard - halfpenny post
84	1871	27 Mar 1871: First Rugby Football international First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh 29 Mar 1871: Royal Albert Hall Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London 29 Jun 1871: Trades Unions legalised Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
85	1872	1872: Licensing hours introduced Licensing hours introduced 1872: Penalties introduced Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales) 4 Dec 1872: Mary Celeste American ship 'Mary Celeste' is found abandoned by the British brig 'Dei Gratia' in the Atlantic Ocean
86	1874	1874: 56-hour week Factory Act introduces 56-hour week 5 Apr 1874: Birkenhead Park opened Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world - features of it later copied in Central Park, New York
87	1875	1875: London's main sewage system completed. Joseph Bazalgette, a civil engineer and Chief Engineer of the Metropolitan Board of Works, was given responsibility for the work. He designed an extensive underground sewerage system that diverted waste to the Thames Estuary, downstream of the main centre of population. Six main interceptor sewers, totalling almost 100 miles (160 km) in length, were constructed, some incorporating stretches of London's 'lost' rivers. Three of these sewers were north of the river, the southernmost, low-level one being incorporated in the Thames Embankment. 1 Jan 1875: Second Class passenger facilities abolished Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
88	1876	14 Feb 1876: Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone - Bell awarded the rights
89	1877	1877: Edison invents microphone Edison invents microphone and phonograph
90	1878	1878: Electric lamp invented Edison & Swan invent electric lamp 1878: Red Flag Act in Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph 1878: CID established Criminal Investigation Department established at New Scotland Yard
91	1879	18 Sep 1879: Blackpool illuminations Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
92	1880	1880: Education Act: Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds 1880: Malaria Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria 2 Aug 1880: Greenwich Mean Time Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
93	1881	1881: Postal Orders introduced Postal Orders introduced 1881: Flogging abolished Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy Sep 1881: First town with electricity supply Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904) 26 Oct 1881: Gunfight at OK Corral Gunfight at OK Corral
94	1882	1882: Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed
95	1883	1883: Statue of Liberty Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France 24 May 1883: Brooklyn Bridge Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River) 1 Aug 1883: Parcel post starts in Britain Parcel post starts in Britain 27 Aug 1883: Eruption of Krakatoa Eruption of Krakatoa near Java - 30,000 killed by tidal wave
96	1884	31 May 1884: Kellogg's corn flakes John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes 13 Oct 1884: Greenwich made prime meridian Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
97	1885	1885: Carl Benz Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car 1885: Gottlieb Daimler Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle 1885: first coated photographic paper Eastman makes first coated photographic paper Mar 1885: First UK cremation in modern times First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking 5 Sep 1885: Severn Tunnel The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel 29 Sep 1885: Blackpool Trams First electric tramcar used at Blackpool
98	1886	20 Jan 1886: Mersey railway opened Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales May 1886: Coca-Cola Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named 'Coca-Cola' 29 May 1886: Putney Bridge Putney Bridge opens in London
99	1887	1887: Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car
100	1888	1888: Suez Canal Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez Canal in war and peace 1888: Jack the Ripper Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year 1888: County Councils County Councils set up in Britain 1888: Pneumatic tyre invented Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre 1888: First box camera First box camera - George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak, and receives a patent for his camera which uses roll film 20 Mar 1888: Football League Football League formed
101	1889	1889: Celluloid film Celluloid film produced 1889: Dock Strike Dock Strike - docker's won their 'Docker's Tanner' 6 old pennies 31 Mar 1889: Eiffel Tower Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution) 14 May 1889: NSPCC charity launched Children's charity NSPCC launched in London 3 Jun 1889: Canadian Pacific Railway Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast 28 Sep 1889: Length of a metre defined Length of a metre defined
102	1890	4 Mar 1890: Forth railway bridge opens Forth railway bridge opens - took six years to build 4 Nov 1890: City & South London Railway opens City & South London Railway opens - London's first deep-level tube railway and first major railway in the world to use electric traction
103	1891	1891: Primary education Primary education made free and compulsory 18 Mar 1891: London & Paris First telephone link between London & Paris 4 May 1891: Reichenbach Falls Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893) 24 Aug 1891: Thomas Edison Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera
104	1892	1892: Electric oven invented Electric oven invented 1892: Shop Hours Act Shop Hours Act - limit 74 hours per week for under-18's 6 Oct 1892: Alfred Lord Tennyson Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere
105	1893	1893: Henry Ford Henry Ford's first car 1893: Zip fastener invented Zip fastener invented
106	1894	1894: Picture postcard Picture postcard introduced in Britain 1 Jan 1894: Manchester Ship Canal Manchester Ship Canal opens 1 Mar 1894: Blackpool Tower opens Blackpool Tower opens 30 Jun 1894: Tower Bridge Tower Bridge first opens 2 Aug 1894: Death duties Death duties first introduced in Britain